About Our Blog

Our project topic is about subsidizing renewable energy companies. In our research, we primarily focused on the advantages of government granted direct subsides to renewable energy companies and our target audience is towards the government, tax-payers, environmentalists, and the people who are interested about why we should subsidize renewable energy. The reason we chose to create a blog is because it’s an effective way to reach the various strata of our audience. In our blog we included news articles, macro and micro-economic graphs, videos about subsidizing renewable energy, satrical pictures and statistics all to show our audience why subsidies are necessary in implementing green energy initiatives.

-Spencer Berry & Kelvin Han

Microeconomics: How Government Subsidies Work

Equilibrium Graph, a Perfect Market

(Yvan). Link: bestthinking.com

In economics, a perfect market is working in equilibrium when supply equals to demand. In economic terms, demand is the willingness of consumers to purchase a product/service at a given price. Supply is the willingness of producers to produce a product or service at a given price. We wanted to use this graph to show that imposing subsidies will still be able to achieve a perfect market and to show the economic effects of a government subsidy.

How Subsidies Work

A subsidy is an assistance paid to a business or economic sector.

(Panjwani). Link: econhelp.org

The graphs above show the effect of subsidies given by the government to producers. When a subsidy is granted, the supply curve shifts to the right to supply + subsidy. This causes an increase in quantity of goods/service produced to increase. (From the example above, 460 to 540). This causes a fall in price of the good (from $260-220). This should attract more consumers to purchase the product because it is cheaper. The area highlighted in green indicates the gain to buyers and the area in red highlights the gain to sellers. This is the overall effect of government subsidies.

Therefore, renewable energy needs subsidies to lower its price to allow people to have more access to green energy.

Mechanism of Elasticities: Price Elasticity of Demand

"Price Elasticity of demand (PED) is the responsive of the quantity of a good or service demanded given a change in price. Price elasticity of demand is affected by the number of close substitutes for a good, the degree of necessity, trend, seasonal changes, and time. The greater the degree of the factors the more elastic the good or service will be, visa versa.

If a good or service is price elastic, an increase in price would cause a significant fall in quantity demanded for the specific good/service.

Conversely, if a good or service is price inelastic, an increase in price would cause a change in demand that will be proportionately smaller than the percentage change in price" (Microeconomics - Price Elasticity of Demand).

In effect, alternative renewable resources will cause the demand of fossil fuel to be more elastic because the number of substitutes to fossil fuels affects the demand for fossil fuels. In theory, this would increase the competition between renewable energy companies and fossil fuel companies.

The Story of Broke- Subsidies

The Story of Broke produced by The Story of Stuff and Free Range Studios, explains the main concepts of subsidies. It talks about the types of subsidies: Freebie Subsidies, Risk Transfer Subsidies, Spending and Tax Subsidies. In addition, most of these government subsidies are funded by taxpayers which helps us realize that taxpayers are also our target audience. Taxpayers are important because they have the right to decide what government should subsidize. This video helps our audience understand the importance of subsidies to the growth of renewable energy companies and towards maintaining a sustainable future. In our project, we mainly focus on government financial subsidies given to renewable energy companies so that the costs of producing renewable energy can be cheaper. This should make renewable energy cheaper for consumers.

History of Subsidies in the United States

"The federal government has provided an estimated $837 billion for energy development since 1950, according to a recent report. That includes money for tax concessions, for research and development, and the value of regulations (such as exemptions from price controls)

In fact, the government has played a role in energy investment through tax deductions, research grants and regulatory policies dating back to the days when timber was a major source of fuel.

Nancy Pfund is a venture capitalist investor in clean technologies, who co-authored a recent study that tallied the tax benefits, loans and grants over the years.

'For oil and gas, it started way back in 1918, and [it averages] almost $5 billion a year,' she says. 'Nuclear is $3.5 billion [a year] starting in 1947. This is our energy policy.'

Pfund says by comparison, solar and wind power companies receive $370 million in federal subsidies annually — less than 1 percent of what the oil and gas industries receive" (Solyndra Highlights Long History Of Energy Subsidies : NPR).

Recent Statistics

(Fossil Fuel Subsidies Dwarf Renewable Subsidies). Link: Fossil Fuel Subsidies

From recent statistics, "70.2 Billion federal subsidies were given to oil companies. 53.9 billion of the 70.2 billion were tax breaks and the remaining 16.3 billion were from direct government spending. Contrastingly, only 12.2 billion federal subsidies were given to renewable energy companies, 6.2 billion was from tax breaks and 6 billion was from direct government spending. All three graphs indicate a similar trend" (Fossil Fuel Subsidies Dwarf Renewable Subsidies).

Goals of Subsizing Green Energy

Objective: To support the growth of ecologically sustainable companies that operate at economies of scale (large scale production) because that is a solid long term investment.

Economies of Scale- "The increase in efficiency of production as the number of goods being produced increases. Typically, a company that achieves economies of scale lowers the average cost per unit through increased production since fixed costs are shared over an increased number of goods" (Economies Of Scale Definition | Investopedia).

3 Factors of Economies of Scale

• Specialization

• Technological advancement

• Dimension factor-large quantity

Solar City Business Model

"The company installs and owns the solar systems and then sells the electricity to the private companies that manage military housing at a discount of about 10 percent compared with utility prices, according to the company.

Solar City, for example, has installed solar systems at Davis-Monthan Air Force base in Tucson, Ariz., and it is working on a project at the joint Navy-Air Force Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam near Honolulu.

Lyndon Rive, the CEO, says by installing lots of solar panels in one area, the company has shown it can save money and turn solar power into a reliable business.

'It worked extremely well. It also allowed us as a company to get economies of scale on a concentrated area,' Rive said. 'There's a lot of inefficiencies when you have to go back and forth to different homes in different communities'" (Big Solar Project Moves Forward Without Uncle Sam : NPR).

Symbiotic Long Term Relationships

"Lend Lease, the company that manages the housing at both bases, says it's saving lots of money that it can use to build more housing and update existing units" (Big Solar Project Moves Forward Without Uncle Sam : NPR). Both the supplier and the consumer are benefiting from the relationship. The consumer saves money while the supplier earns a wage for producing a product that is good for the environment. Everyone wins.

Pros of Subsidizing Renewable Energy

The Pros:

1. Create green jobs

2. Prevent fossil fuel monopolization

3. Increase private investments on renewable energy

4. Cheaper renewable energy

5. Allow consumers more access to renewable products

6. Benefit for the future: less dependent on oil

7. Sustaining a future with less pollution

"There are several main advantages to subsidizing renewable energy. Not only will subsidizing renewable energy make renewable energy cheaper, but it also create jobs because the money given to renewable companies will have sufficient capital to employ more workers. "Renewable energy can create 4.5 million jobs according to an analysis by the American solar energy society" (Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Can Create 4.5 Million Jobs Renewable Energy). Subsidizing renewable energy will also prevent fossil fuel monopolization because it increases the competition between renewable energy and fossil fuel companies. In addition, subsidizing renewable energy will increase private companies’ confidence on investing in renewable energy because before, renewable energy is expensive to invest in and was not very profitable compared to fossil fuels. Subsidizing renewable energy will also allow consumers to have more access to green energy too.

Pros of Renewable Energy

Pros of Renewable Energy

Reasons for Subsidies...

• Provide more "green" jobs

“The United States is the fastest growing market for solar energy in the world today. In fact, solar is the fastest growing industry in the United States. In the last year we've grown by more than 70 percent” (Goodwyn).

- Roan Resch, chief executive officer of the Solar Energy Industries Association

• Prevent fossil fuel monopolization
• Prevent depletion of resources
• Increase competition between renewable energy companies and fossil fuel companies
• Reduce pollution/diseases
• Increase private companies' confidence in investing on renewable energy
• Become more energy efficient, advance technology
• Allowing consumers to have more access to renewable resources. Eg. Cheaper Pricing

Renewable energy can be applied anywhere, even in cities! Cities have had the stereotype of being not green because of intense concentration of industry but many cities today are integrating and even priding themselves on sustainable concepts like increased efficient public transport, public parks, farmers markets. Through increased community involvement the stereotype and stigmas behind city life are changing for the future generations. Let's lift up these emerging green initiatives by subsidizing them.

Link: Top 10 Green Cities in the USA (America’s Top 10 Green Cities | WebEcoist).

Subsidies from an International Perspective

Green Energy on the Global Front

• Government Intervention

This is the common factor that strong green energy countries share. Laws and regulations are very important in the implementation of sustainable action. Most leading countries have a history of government support in the green energy industry.

"Yale University's ranking of 149 countries according to an environmental performance index (EPI)--a weighting of carbon and sulfur emissions, water purity and conservation practices" (The World's Greenest Countries). Link:149 Greenest Countries.

• Samsø, Denmark, The Next Frontier

"Private investors (e.g., local farmers) own nine of 11 land-based wind turbines and can depend on a government-guaranteed price for electricity. To meet the carbon-negative goal, the Danish government, the European Union, local households and companies, the Samsø municipality, and the energy utility cooperatively invested a total of 55 million euros. The government involvement solidified the investment and spurred green growth"(Energy Development in Island Nations: Samsø, Denmark, Strives to Become a Carbon-Neutral Island). Link: Edinenergy.org.

• The Green Leader, Switzerland

"The city of Basel- 5% of all customers’ energy bills are put into an Energy Saving Fund. The use of green roofs has been stimulated by a combination of financial incentives and building regulations. Building regulations have required the use of vegetation on roofs since their implementation in 2002. The city of Basel in Switzerland has the highest area of green roofs per capita in the world. Switzerland has strong legislative framework that promotes green ingenuity"(Carter, J., and A. Kazmierczak). Link:Grabs-eu.org.

• New international energy changes- Japan’s reaction to the Fukushima

"In the wake of a nuclear accident in March, 70 percent of Japanese now say they want to phase out atomic energy" (Langfitt).

• Japan's Wind And Solar Power development

"Last month, Japan's legislature passed a bill to subsidize wind and solar power. The measure requires power companies to buy solar and wind energy at inflated prices. The idea is to make it worthwhile for companies to invest in expensive technology and speed up Japan's shift toward renewable energy" (Langfitt).

• The Netherland Seeks Government Involvement

"Anne Bliek, Deputy Queen's Commissioner for the Province of Flevoland in the Netherlands explains some of the issues relating to renewable energy projects and their financing. She describes the problems caused by a change in government subsidies policies and why consistency is vital" (Renewable Energy Projects Need Consistent Government Policies.flv).

Political Cartoon Argument

 

Source: Google.com

This cartoon overstates the problems of the various energy solutions. Nuclear's complaint is that it blows everything up. Oil's complaint is that it sends outrageous pollutants into the sky. Coals complaint is that it traps miners and ultimately kills them. The joke is that wind's complaint is that it is an eye sore. The contrast between the 4 complaints makes wind energy's complain appear far more pale than the others. The author is obviously critiquing people who argue that wind is problematic because those people are overlooking the flaws of the energy systems already in place.

 

Source: Google.com

This cartoon satirizes President Obama because in his 2008 election he campaigned on the slogan, "Change" but doesn't appear to have a path to change. This cartoon incorporating a biblical allusion to Mosses as Obama leads the business people to the promise land of alternative energy. Obama claimed he was going to free the United States of oil dependency but the joke is made when the business man says, "but there's no bridge" because there isn't any political framework to make a complete switch to alternate energy so Obama's words are hollow.

Counter Argument and Rebuttal for Green Energy Subsidies

Counter-Arguments & Response

• Obama's plan on subsidizing renewable energy failed to create jobs

- One of the arguments against renewable energy is that if we look back at Obama’s renewable energy plan, the renewable energy plan did not turn out well at all. "Obama’s plan was to decrease 4 billion a year in subsidies and tax breaks for oil companies and promote other renewable energy by providing federal subsidies to alternative energy such as petroleum, coal, hydropower, wind, solar and biofuels. In 2008, Obama promised to create 5 million green jobs but only 4000 permanent jobs were created according to Wall Street Journal" (Obama's failed Scranton promises).

The reason that Obama’s plan is not working is because renewable energy companies are still not yet competitive enough to compete with fossil fuel companies. The problem is that it takes time for renewable energy companies to gain enough capital from the subsidies and demand from consumers to be able to keep up with large fossil fuel companies. In the long run, we should be able to see more green jobs being created.

• Renewable energy still has some risks and flaws

Another counter-argument against subsidizing renewable energy is that fossil fuels are still considered to be the most reliable source of energy because other renewable energy still possesses some flaws. For example, solar energy is effective when the sun is shining. Our rebuttal to this counter-argument is that granting subsidies is key to help renewable energy to become more reliable because the subsidies can be used on research and development. In the case of solar energy, research on solar battery chargers can help reduce the effects of the disadvantages of solar energy.

• We can't get republicans and democrats on board for government change.
• "Companies in countries with a more progressive alternative energy policy framework developed technology at an earlier state. However the potential for growth in the U.S. is greater, and once a longer term framework has been put in place, we would expect the U.S. to catch up fast" (Should the US subsidize alternative energies?).
• Why support subsidies if the system itself is inefficient?
• "The subsidies in place allow the [alternative energy] industry to grow and technologies to be developed and mature to drive costs down" (Should the US subsidize alternative energies?).
• The Failure of Solyndra
• One case is not indicative of the industry as a whole because we have seen much success in other subsidized industries. The department says government subsidies are essential to keep the United States competitive in renewable energy, and not all companies will succeed" (Wald).

"Solyndra, a solar panel maker that went bankrupt despite lots of federal subsidies. A great deal of attention has been focused on Solyndra, a start-up that received $528 million in federal loans to develop cutting-edge solar technology before it went bankrupt, but nearly 90 percent of the $16 billion in clean-energy loans guaranteed by the federal government since 2009 went to subsidize these lower-risk power plants, which in many cases were backed by big companies with vast resources" (Wald).

Final Remarks

If the government subsidized the green industry that would create an environment that was pro sustainability. Strides towards legislation in renewable energy subsidies would meet public goods goals for environment and energy stability goals. The United States is behind on alternative energy initiatives compared to some of the other low emission leaders, but we have the ability to quickly developed and mature the necessary technology if the framework and laws are in place to create incentive.

If you feel passionately about moving towards a more sustainable future, we strongly encourage you to contact your local representative, congressman or governor and express the necessity to subsidize green industries because without our call to action, the government won't be giving these industries the best atmosphere for growth.

Thank You!

Works Cited

Works Cited

• Carter, J., and A. Kazmierczak. "Adaptation to Climate Change Using Green and Blue Infrastructure." Edinenergy.org. Manchester University. Web. 15 Dec. 2011. <http://www.grabs-eu.org/membersArea/files/basel.pdf>.

• Elder, Gerri L. "America’s Top 10 Green Cities | WebEcoist." WebEcoist | Strange Nature, Rare Animals & Weird World Wonders. Web. 15 Dec. 2011. <http://webecoist.momtastic.com/2009/08/06/americas-top-10-green-cities/>.

• "Energy Development in Island Nations: Samsø, Denmark, Strives to Become a Carbon-Neutral Island." Energy Development in Island Nations Home Page. Web. 15 Dec. 2011. <http://www.edinenergy.org/samso.html>.

• "Fossil Fuel Subsidies Dwarf Renewable Subsidies." Casa Food Shed. Web. 19 Dec. 2011. <http://casafoodshed.org/archives/2010/12/14/fossil-fuel-subsidies-dwarf-renewable-subsidies/>.

• Goodwyn, Wade. "After Scandal, Solar Industry Looks On Bright Side : NPR." NPR : National Public Radio : News & Analysis, World, US, Music & Arts : NPR. Web. 19 Dec. 2011. <http://www.npr.org/2011/10/29/141808249/after-scandal-solar-industry-looks-on-bright-side>.

• Langfitt, Frank. "After Nuclear Mishap, Japan Debates Energy Future : NPR." NPR : National Public Radio : News & Analysis, World, US, Music & Arts : NPR. Web. 19 Dec. 2011. <http://www.npr.org/2011/09/06/140219721/after-nuclear-mishap-japan-debates-energy-future>.

• Lipton, Eric, and Clifford Krauss. "A Gold Rush of Subsidies in Clean Energy Search." Business Day. The New York Times. Web. 15 Dec. 2011. <http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/12/business/energy-environment/a-cornucopia-of-help-for-renewable-energy.html?pagewanted=all>.

• "Microeconomics - Price Elasticity of Demand." Tutor2u | Economics | Business Studies | Politics | Sociology | History | Law | Marketing | Accounting | Business Strategy. Web. 15 Dec. 2011. <http://tutor2u.net/economics/revision-notes/as-markets-price-elasticity-of-demand.html>.

• Noguchi, Yuki. "Solyndra Highlights Long History Of Energy Subsidies : NPR." NPR : National Public Radio : News & Analysis, World, US, Music & Arts : NPR. Web. 15 Dec. 2011. <http://www.npr.org/2011/11/16/142364037/solyndra-highlights-long-history-of-energy-subsidies>.

• "Obama’s Failed Scranton Promises." Http://www.gop.com/index.php/briefing/comments/obamas_failed_scranton_promises/. Web. 15 Dec. 2011.

• Panjwani, Aniket. "The Basics of Subsidies | EconHelp." EconHelp | Helping You Learn Economics. Web. 15 Dec. 2011. <http://econhelp.org/2010/02/the-basics-of-subsidies/>.

• "Renewable Energy Projects Need Consistent Government Policies.flv." YouTube - Broadcast Yourself. Web. 19 Dec. 2011. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded>.

• Shogren, Elizabeth. "Big Solar Project Moves Forward Without Uncle Sam : NPR." NPR : National Public Radio : News & Analysis, World, US, Music & Arts : NPR. Web. 15 Dec. 2011. <http://www.npr.org/2011/11/30/142935396/big-solar-project-moves-forward-without-uncle-sam>.

• "Should the US Subsidize Alternative Energies?" Alternative Energy - ProCon.org. Web. 15 Dec. 2011. <http://alternativeenergy.procon.org/view.answers.php?questionID=001251>.

• Wald, Matthew L. "Solar Firm Aided by Federal Loans Shuts Doors." Business Day. The New York Times. Web. 15 Dec. 2011. <http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/01/business/energy-environment/solyndra-solar-firm-aided-by-federal-loans-shuts-doors.html?_r=1&scp=1&sq=solar%20firm%20aided%20by%20U.S.%20shuts%20doors&st=cse>.

• "The World's Greenest Countries." The Daily Beast. Web. 15 Dec. 2011. <http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2008/01/22/the-world-s-greenest-countries.html>.

• Yvan, Claude. "The Relation Between Supply and Demand." BestThinking. Web. 15 Dec. 2011. <http://www.bestthinking.com/articles/economics/macroeconomics/the-relation-between-supply-and-demand>.